LUTs, overlays, transitions and Lottie animations.
Three dots that rise, grow and brighten in a wave: a calm 1.2 s loop for loading and typing states.
A material-style loading arc that grows, chases its tail and rotates: one seamless 1.5 s loop.
Pull-to-refresh puck: slides down rotating with the pull, spins as a loader, then shrinks away.
Circular progress: the ring fills with an ease, a centre dot pops on completion, then the ring sweeps clear.